[Musrifin, Mutadin, fasiqun………]
7. [al-Araf, Mecca 39]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
فَلَمَّا
نَسُواْ
مَا
ذُكِّرُواْ
بِهِ
أَنجَيْنَا
الَّذِينَ
يَنْهَوْنَ
عَنِ
السُّوءِ...
7: 165. When they disregarded the warnings that had been given them, We rescued those who forbade evil;
...وَأَخَذْنَا الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ بِعَذَابٍ بَئِيسٍ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَفْسُقُونَ ﴿١٦٥﴾
but We visited the wrongdoers with a grievous punishment, because they were given to transgression.
فَلَمَّا
عَتَوْاْ
عَن
مَّا
نُهُواْ
عَنْهُ
قُلْنَا
لَهُمْ
...
7: 166. When in their insolence they transgressed (all) prohibition, We said to them:
... كُونُواْ قِرَدَةً خَاسِئِينَ ﴿١٦٦﴾
"Be ye apes, despised and rejected."
وَإِذْ
تَأَذَّنَ
رَبُّكَ
لَيَبْعَثَنَّ
عَلَيْهِمْ
إِلَى
يَوْمِ
الْقِيَامَةِ
مَن
يَسُومُهُمْ
سُوءَ
الْعَذَابِ...
7: 167. Behold! thy Lord did declare that He would send against them, to the Day of Judgment, those who would afflict them with grievous penalty.
C1140. See Deut, 11:28:
"A curse if ye will not obey the commandments of the Lord your God but turn aside out of the way which I command you this day":
also Deut, 28:49;
"The Lord shall bring a nation against thee from afar, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth: a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand";
and many other passages.
...إِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَسَرِيعُ الْعِقَابِ وَإِنَّهُ لَغَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ﴿١٦٧﴾
Thy Lord is quick in retribution,
but he is also Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
وَقَطَّعْنَاهُمْ
فِي
الأَرْضِ
أُمَمًا...
7: 168. We broke them up into sections on this earth.
C1141. The dispersal of the Jews is a great fact in the world's history. Nor has their persecution ended yet, nor is it likely to end as far as we can foresee.
...مِّنْهُمُ الصَّالِحُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ دُونَ ذَلِكَ...
There are among them some that are the righteous, and some that are the opposite.
...وَبَلَوْنَاهُمْ بِالْحَسَنَاتِ وَالسَّيِّئَاتِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ ﴿١٦٨﴾
We have tried them with both prosperity and adversity: in order that they might turn (to us).
7: 165
Pickthall And when they forgot that whereof they had been reminded, We rescued those who forbade wrong, and visited those who did wrong with dreadful punishment because they were evil livers.
Transliteration Falamma_ nasu_ ma_ zukkiru_ bihi anjainal lazina yanhauna 'anis su_'i wa akhaznal lazina zalamu_ bi 'aza_bim ba'isim bima_ ka_nu_ yafsuqu_n(a).
7: 166
Pickthall So when they took pride in that which they had been forbidden, We said unto them: Be ye apes despised and loathed!
Transliteration Falamma_ 'atau 'amma_ nuhu_ 'anhu qulna_ lahum ku_nu_ qiradatan kha_si'in(a).
[[ Ali’s notes –
1139 Cf. ii. 65, n. 79. (7.166) ]]
[[ Asad’s note 133 - ….this is but a metaphor (mathal) coined by God with regard to them, similar to the metaphor of ‘the ass carrying books’ [62:5]”…………..It should be borne in mind that the expression “like an ape” is often used in classical Arabic to describe a person who is unable to restrain his gross appetites or passions.]
7: 167
Pickthall And (remember) when thy Lord proclaimed that He would raise against them till the Day of Resurrection those who would lay on them a cruel torment. Lo! verily thy Lord is swift in prosecution and lo! verify He is Forgiving, Merciful.
Transliteration Wa iz ta'azzana rabbuka layab'asanna 'alaihim ila_ yaumil qiya_mati may yasu_muhum su_'al 'aza_b(i), inna rabbaka lasari'ul 'iqa_b(i), wa innahu_ lagafu_rur rahim(un).
[[Ruby’s note 7:167 – Here “they” is referred, I think, to those who disregarded God’s warnings and transgressed mentioned in the above verses 65 and 66.]]
7: 168
Asad And We dispersed them as [separate] communities all over the earth; some of them were righteous, and some of them less than that: and the latter We tried with blessings as well as with afflictions, so that they might mend their ways.
Pickthall And We have sundered them in the earth as (separate) nations. Some of them are righteous, and some far from that. And We have tried them with good things and evil things that haply they might return.
Transliteration Wa qatta'na_hum fil ardi umama_(n), minhumus sa_lihu_na wa minhum du_na za_lik(a), wa balauna_hum bil hasana_ti was sayyi'a_ti la'allahum yarji'u_n(a).
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9. Surah At Tawbah
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
الْمُنَافِقُونَ
وَالْمُنَافِقَاتُ
بَعْضُهُم مِّن
بَعْضٍ...
9: 67. The Hypocrites, men and women, (have an understanding) with each other:
C1324. Literally, "the Hypocrites... are of each other".
The forms of hypocrisy may vary, but they are all alike, and they understand each other's hypocrisy. They hold together.
...يَأْمُرُونَ بِالْمُنكَرِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ الْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَقْبِضُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ...
they enjoin evil, and forbid what in just, and are close with their hands.
C1325. The English phrase "close-fisted" would cover only a part of the meaning.
The hand is the symbol of power, help, and assistance. This may be financial, or it may be in other ways.
The Hypocrites pretend a great deal, but are of no use or real help to any one.
...نَسُواْ اللّهَ فَنَسِيَهُمْ...
They have forgotten Allah; so He hath forgotten them.
They ignore Allah: and Allah will ignore them.
...إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ ﴿٦٧﴾
Verily the Hypocrites are rebellious and perverse.
Others version:
9: 67
Asad The hypocrites, both men and women, are all of a kind: they enjoin the doing of what is wrong and forbid the doing of what is right [note 94], and withhold their hands [from doing good]. They are oblivious of God, and so He is oblivious of them. Verily, the hypocrites – it is they, they who are truly iniquitous! [note 95]
Pickthall The hypocrites, both men and women, proceed one from another. They enjoin the wrong, and they forbid the right, and they withhold their hands (from spending for the cause of Allah). They forget Allah, so He hath forgotten them. Lo! the hypocrites, they are the transgressors.
Transliteration Al muna_fiqu_na wal muna_fiqa_tu ba'duhum mim ba'd(in), ya'muru_na bil munkari wa yanhauna 'anil ma'ru_fi wa yaqbidu_na aidiyahum, nasullaa_ha fa nasiyahum, innal muna_fiqina humul fa_siqu_n(a).
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10. [Yunus, Mecca 51]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَا
مِن بَعْدِهِ
رُسُلاً إِلَى
قَوْمِهِمْ...
10: 74. Then after him We sent (many) Messengers to their Peoples:
...فَجَآؤُوهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ...
they brought them Clear Signs,
...فَمَا كَانُواْ لِيُؤْمِنُواْ بِمَا كَذَّبُواْ بِهِ مِن قَبْلُ...
but they would not believe what they had already rejected beforehand.
C1460. I understand the meaning to be that there is a sort of spiritual an influence descending from generation to generation, among the Unbelievers as among the men of Faith.
In history we find the same problems in many ages, -denial of Allah's grace, defiance of Allah's law, rejection of Allah's Message.
These influences cause the hearts of the contumacious to be sealed and impervious to the Truth Cf. 2:7 and notes.
What they do is to prejudge the issues even before the Prophet explains them.
...كَذَلِكَ نَطْبَعُ عَلَى قُلوبِ الْمُعْتَدِينَ ﴿٧٤﴾
Thus do We seal the hearts of the transgressors.
Others version:
10: 74
Pickthall Then, after him, We sent messengers unto their folk, and they brought them clear proofs. But they were not ready to believe in that which they before denied. Thus print We on the hearts of the transgressors.
Yuksel Then, We sent messengers after him to their own people, so they came to them with proofs. But they did not want to acknowledge what they had already denied beforehand. It is such that We stamp on the hearts of the transgressors.
Transliteration Summa ba'asna_ mim ba'dihi rusulan ila_ qaumihim fa ja_'u_hum bil bayyina_ti fama_ ka_nu_ liyu'minu_ bima_ kazzabu_ bihi min qabl(u), kaza_lika natba'u 'ala_ qulu_bil mu'tadin(a).
10: 83
Pickthall But none trusted Moses, save some scions of his people, (and they were) in fear of Pharaoh and their chiefs, that they would persecute them. Lo! Pharaoh was verily a tyrant in the land, and Lo! he verily was of the wanton.
Transliteration Fama_ a_mana limu_sa_ illa_ zurriyatum min qaumihi 'ala_ khaufim min fir'auna wa mala'ihim ay yaftinahum, wa inna fir'auna la'a_lin fil ard(i), wa innahu_ laminal musrifin(a).
[[ Yuksel’s notes - 010:083 The word musrifin means "the transgressors," or "those who exceed the limits." Considering the context here, it is best translated as a single word, "tyrant" or "despot."
010:088 Those who are subjected to injustice are excused if they ask for divine punishment or use bad words. See 4:148.
010:092 God preserved the bodies of the Pharoahs by giving them the special knowledge of mummification. ]]
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20. [Ta’ha, Mecca 45]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
يَا بَنِي
إِسْرَائِيلَ
قَدْ أَنجَيْنَاكُم
مِّنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ...
20; 80. O ye Children of Israel!
We delivered you from your enemy,
...وَوَاعَدْنَاكُمْ جَانِبَ الطُّورِ الْأَيْمَنَ...
and We made a Covenant with you on the right side of Mount (Sinai),
C2601. Right side: Cf. 19:52, and n. 2504, towards the end.
The Arabian side of Sinai (Jabal Musa) was the place where Moses first received his commission before going to Egypt, and also where he received the Torah after the Exodus from Egypt.
...وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى ﴿٨٠﴾
and We sent down to you Manna and quails:
كُلُوا
مِن طَيِّبَاتِ
مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ...
20; 81. (Saying):
"Eat of the good things We have provided for your sustenance,
C2602. Cf. 2:57 and n. 71; and 7:160.
1 should like to construe this not only literally but also metaphorically.
'Allah has looked after you and saved you. He has given you ethical and spiritual guidance. Enjoy the fruits of all this, but do not become puffed up and rebellious (another meaning in the root Taga); otherwise the Wrath of Allah is sure to descend on you.'
...وَلَا تَطْغَوْا فِيهِ فَيَحِلَّ عَلَيْكُمْ غَضَبِي...
but commit no excess therein, lest My Wrath should justly descend on you:
...وَمَن يَحْلِلْ عَلَيْهِ غَضَبِي فَقَدْ هَوَى ﴿٨١﴾
and those on whom descends My Wrath do perish indeed!
C2603. This gives the key-note to Moses' constant tussle with his own people, and introduces immediately afterwards the incident of the golden calf.
20:80
O children of Israel! [Thus] We saved you from your enemy, and [then] We made a covenant
with you on the right-hand slop
(20:81)
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[[ Asad’s notes - [[Asad’s note -
66 There is almost complete unanimity among the classical commentators in that God's "condemnation" (ghadab, lit., "wrath") is a metonym for the inescapable retribution which man brings upon himself if he deliberately rejects God's guidance and "transgresses the bounds of equity".]]
[[Ali’s notes - 2601 Right side: Cf. xix. 52, and n. 2504, towards the end. The Arabian side of Sinai (Jabal Musa) was the place where Moses first received his commission before going to Egypt, and also where he received the Torah after the Exodus from Egypt. (20.80)
2602 Cf. ii. 57 and n. 71; and vii. 160. I should like to construe this not only literally but also metaphorically. 'Allah has looked after you and saved you. He has given you ethical and spiritual guidance. Enjoy the fruits of all this, but do not become puffed up and rebellious (another meaning in the root Taga); otherwise the Wrath of Allah is sure to descend on you.' (20.81)
2603 This gives the key-note to Moses's constant tussle with his own people, and introduces immediately afterwards the incident of the golden calf. (20.81) ]]
e of Mount Sinai, 63 and repeatedly sent down manna and quails unto you, [saying,]
(20:81)
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ALI (Saying): "Eat of the good things We have provided for your sustenance but commit no excess therein lest My Wrath should justly descend on you: and those on whom descends My Wrath do perish indeed! 2602 2603
[[ Asad’s notes - [[Asad’s note -
66 There is almost complete unanimity among the classical commentators in that God's "condemnation" (ghadab, lit., "wrath") is a metonym for the inescapable retribution which man brings upon himself if he deliberately rejects God's guidance and "transgresses the bounds of equity".]]
[[Ali’s notes - 2601 Right side: Cf. xix. 52, and n. 2504, towards the end. The Arabian side of Sinai (Jabal Musa) was the place where Moses first received his commission before going to Egypt, and also where he received the Torah after the Exodus from Egypt. (20.80)
2602 Cf. ii. 57 and n. 71; and vii. 160. I should like to construe this not only literally but also metaphorically. 'Allah has looked after you and saved you. He has given you ethical and spiritual guidance. Enjoy the fruits of all this, but do not become puffed up and rebellious (another meaning in the root Taga); otherwise the Wrath of Allah is sure to descend on you.' (20.81)
2603 This gives the key-note to Moses's constant tussle with his own people, and introduces immediately afterwards the incident of the golden calf. (20.81) ]]
