4. Sura an-Nisa [Medina]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
أَفَلاَ
يَتَدَبَّرُونَ
الْقُرْآنَ
...
4:82. Do they not consider the Qur'án (with care)?
... وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ غَيْرِ اللّهِ لَوَجَدُواْ فِيهِ اخْتِلاَفًا كَثِيرًا ﴿٨٢﴾
Had it been from other than Allah, they would surely have found therein much discrepancy.
C601. The unity of the Quran is admittedly greater than that of any other sacred book. And yet how can we account for it except through the unity of Allah's purpose and design?
From a mere human point of view, we should have expected much discrepancy, because
- the Messenger who promulgated it was not a learned man or philosopher,
- it was promulgated at various times and in various circumstances, and
- it is addressed to all grades of mankind.
Yet, when properly understood, its various pieces fit together well even when arranged without any regard to chronological order. There was just the One Inspirer and the One Inspired.
Other versions:
[4.82]
Asad Will they not, then, try to understand this Quran? Had it issued fro many but God, they would surely have found in it many an inner contradiction! [note 97]
Pickthall Will they not then ponder on the Qur'an? If it had been from other than Allah they would have found therein much incongruity.
Transliteration Afala_ yatadabbaru_nal qur'a_n(a), wa lau ka_na min'indi gairilla_hi lawajadu_ fihikhtila_fan kasira_(n).
[[Asad’s note 97 – I.e., the fact that it is free of all inner contradictions – in spite of its having been revealed gradually, over a period of twenty-three years – should convince them that it has not been “composed by Muhammad” ….but could only have originated from a supra-human source. See also 25:32 and 39:23.]]
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3.Sura al-Imran [Medina 89]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
هُوَ
الَّذِيَ
أَنزَلَ
عَلَيْكَ
الْكِتَابَ
مِنْهُ
آيَاتٌ
مُّحْكَمَاتٌ...
3:7. He it is Who has sent down to thee the Book: in it are verses basic or fundamental (of established meaning);
...هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ ...
they are the foundation of the Book: others are allegorical.
C347. This passage gives us an important clue to the interpretation of the Holy Quran. Broadly speaking it may be divided into two portions, not given separately, but intermingled: viz.
1. the nucleus or foundation of the Book, literally "the mother of the Book".
2. the part which is not entirely clear.
It is very fascinating to take up the latter, and exercise our ingenuity about its meaning, but it refers to such profound matters that are beyond human language and though people of wisdom may get some light from it, no one should be dogmatic, as the final meaning is known to Allah alone.
The Commentators usually understand the verses "of established meaning" (muhkam) to refer to the categorical orders of the Shariah (or the Law), which are plain to everyone's understanding. But perhaps the meaning is wider:
- the "mother of the Book" must include the very foundation on which all Law rests, the essence of Allah's Message, as distinguished from the various illustrative parables, allegories, and ordinances. (R).
...فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ في قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ ...
But those in whose hearts is perversity follow the part there of that is allegorical,
...مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاء الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاء تَأْوِيلِهِ ...
seeking discord, and searching for its hidden meanings,
...وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلاَّ اللّهُ ...
but no one knows its hidden meanings except Allah
...وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ ...
and those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say:
C348. One reading, rejected by the majority of Commentators, but accepted by Mujahid and others, would not make a break at the point here marked Waq Lazim, but would run the two sentences together.
In that case the construction would run:
"No one knows its hidden meanings except Allah and those who are firm in knowledge. They say", etc.
... آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا...
"We believe in the Book; the whole of it is from our Lord;"
...وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلاَّ أُوْلُواْ الألْبَابِ ﴿٧﴾
and none will grasp the Message except men of understanding.
[3.7] He it is Who has sent down to thee the Book: In it are verses basic or fundamental (of established meaning); they are the foundation of the Book: others are allegorical. But those in whose hearts is perversity follow the part thereof that is allegorical, seeking discord, and searching for its hidden meanings, but no one knows its hidden meanings except Allah. And those who are firmly grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in the Book; the whole of it is from our Lord:" and none will grasp the Message except men of understanding.