5.Al-Ma'idah (The Repast)
Medina Period
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
وَمِنَ
الَّذِينَ
قَالُواْ إِنَّا
نَصَارَى أَخَذْنَا
مِيثَاقَهُمْ
...
5:14. From those, too, who call themselves Christians, We did take a Covenant,
C715. The Christian Covenant may be taken to be the charge which Jesus gave to his disciples, and which the disciples accepted, to welcome Ahmad (56:6).
Glimpses of this are to be found in the Gospel of St. John even as it exists now (John 15:26. 16:7).
It is those who call themselves "Christians" who reject this. True Christians have accepted it. The enmity between those who call themselves Christians and the Jews will continue till the Last Day.
... فَنَسُواْ حَظًّا مِّمَّا ذُكِّرُواْ بِهِ ...
but they forgot a good part of the Message that was sent them:
... فَأَغْرَيْنَا بَيْنَهُمُ الْعَدَاوَةَ وَالْبَغْضَاء إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ ...
so We estranged them, with enmity and hatred between the one and the other, to the Day of Judgment.
... وَسَوْفَ يُنَبِّئُهُمُ اللّهُ بِمَا كَانُواْ يَصْنَعُونَ ﴿١٤﴾
And soon will Allah show them what it is they have done.
C715a. The change from the First Person in the beginning of the verse to the Third Person here illustrates the change from the personal relationship of the Covenant, to the impersonal operation of Justice at Judgment.
Cf. 35:9.
يَا
أَهْلَ
الْكِتَابِ
قَدْ جَاءكُمْ
رَسُولُنَا...
5: 15. O People of the Book!
there hath come to you Our Messenger,
... يُبَيِّنُ لَكُمْ كَثِيرًا مِّمَّا كُنتُمْ تُخْفُونَ مِنَ الْكِتَابِ وَيَعْفُو عَن كَثِيرٍ...
revealing to you much that ye used to hide in the Book, and passing over much (that is now unnecessary):
... قَدْ جَاءكُم مِّنَ اللّهِ نُورٌ وَكِتَابٌ مُّبِينٌ ﴿١٥﴾
There hath come to you from Allah a (new) Light and a perspicuous Book.
C716. Mubin: I wish I could translate by a simpler word than "perspicuous". But "plain" may mean unadorned, the opposite of beautiful, and this Book is among the most beautiful that it is the privilege of mankind to read.
"Clear" would be right as far as it means "unambiguous, self-evident, not involved in mysteries of origin, history, or meaning, one which every one can understand as to the essentials necessary for him, without the intervention of priests or privileged persons".
Mubin has all these meanings, but it suggests, besides, some quality of a shining light, by which we are able to make things clear, to distinguish the true from the false. This I think is suggested better by "perspicuous" than by the word "clear". Besides it is hardly good idiom to speak of "a clear Book."
يَهْدِي
بِهِ اللّهُ
مَنِ اتَّبَعَ
رِضْوَانَهُ
سُبُلَ السَّلاَمِ
...
5:16. Wherewith Allah guideth all who seek His good pleasure to ways of peace and safety,
... وَيُخْرِجُهُم مِّنِ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ ﴿١٦﴾
and leadeth them out of darkness, by His Will,
unto the light, guideth them to a Path that is Straight.
لَّقَدْ
كَفَرَ
الَّذِينَ
قَآلُواْ إِنَّ
اللّهَ هُوَ
الْمَسِيحُ
ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ
...
5:17. In blasphemy indeed are those that say that Allah is Christ the son of Mary.
... قُلْ فَمَن يَمْلِكُ مِنَ اللّهِ شَيْئًا ...
Say:
"Who then hath the least power against Allah,
... إِنْ أَرَادَ أَن يُهْلِكَ الْمَسِيحَ ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ وَأُمَّهُ وَمَن فِي الأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا ...
if His Will were to destroy Christ the son of Mary, his mother, and all, everyone that is on the earth?
... وَلِلّهِ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا...
For to Allah belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all that is between.
... يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاء ...
He createth what He pleaseth.
C717. The most honoured of the prophets of Allah are but men.
All power belongs to Allah, and not to any man. Allah's creation may take many forms, but because in any particular form it is different from what we see daily around us, it does not cease to be Creation, or to be subject to the power of Allah. No creature can be God.
... وَاللّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ﴿١٧﴾
For Allah hath power over all things."
Asad’s Version:
5: 14 And [likewise] from those who say, “Behold, we are Christians,” We have accepted a solemn pledge : and they, too have forgotten much of what had been told to bear in mind – wherefore We have given rise among them to enmity and hatred, until Resurrection Day: and in time God will cause them to understand what they have contrived.
(5:15)
O followers
of the Bible! Now there has come unto you Our Apostle, to make clear
unto you much of
what you have been concealing [from yourselves] of the Bible,28
and to pardon much. Now
there
has come unto you from God
a light, and a clear divine writ,
(5:16) through which God shows unto all that seek His goodly acceptance the paths leading to salvation29 and, by His grace, brings them out of the depths of darkness into the light and guides them onto a straight way.
[[ Asad’s version - 26 Thus the Qur'an elliptically rejects their claim of being true followers of Jesus: for, by wrongfully elevating him to the status of divinity they have denied the very essence of his message.
27
I.e., their going astray from the genuine teachings of Jesus - and
thus from true faith
in God - is the innermost cause of the
enmity and hatred which has so often set the
so-called
Christian nations against one another and led to unceasing wars and
mutual persecution.
28
Inasmuch as verses 15-19 are addressed to the Jews and the
Christians, the term al-kitab
may suitably be rendered here as
"the Bible". It is to be borne in mind that the primary
meaning of the verb khafiya is "it became imperceptible" or
"not apparent" or "obscure" and that the same
significance attaches to the transitive form akhfa. There is of
course, no doubt that in its transitive form the verb also denotes
"he concealed [something]".
i.e.,
from others: but in view of the preceding phrase, "there has
come unto you Our Apostle to make clear unto you", it is obvious
that what is alluded to in this context is the
concealing of
something from oneself: in other words, it is a reference to the
gradual
obscuring, by the followers of the Bible, of its
original verities which they are now
unwilling
to admit even to themselves.
29 The word salam, here rendered as "salvation", has no proper equivalent in the English
language.
It denotes inner peace, soundness and security from evil of any kind,
both physical
and spiritual, and the achievement of what, in
Christian terminology, is described as
"salvation":
with the difference, however, that the Christian concept of salvation
presupposes
the existence of an a-priori state of sinfulness,
which is justified in Christianity by the
doctrine of "original
sin", but is not justified in Islam, which does not subscribe to
this
doctrine. Consequently, the term "salvation" -
which I am using here for want of a better word -
does not
adequately convey the full meaning of salam. Its nearest equivalents
in Western
languages would be the German Heil or the French
salut, both of which express the idea of
spiritual peace and
fulfilment without being necessarily (i.e., linguistically) connected
with the Christian doctrine of salvation. ]]