Some Jinns are Evil – satan among Jinns
6. [al-Anam, Cattle Mecca 55]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
وَكَذَلِكَ
جَعَلْنَا
لِكُلِّ نِبِيٍّ
عَدُوًّا شَيَاطِينَ
الإِنسِ وَالْجِنِّ
...
6: 112. Likewise did We make for every Messenger an enemy, evil ones among men and Jinns,
C941. What happened in the history of the Holy Prophet happens in the history of all righteous men who have a Message from Allah. The spirit of evil is ever active and uses men to practice deception by means of highly embellished words and plausible excuses and objections.
Allah permits these things in His Plans. It is not for us to complain. Our faith is tested, and we must stand the test steadfastly.
...يُوحِي بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ غُرُورًا...
inspiring each other with flowery discourses by way of deception.
...وَلَوْ شَاء رَبُّكَ مَا فَعَلُوهُ فَذَرْهُمْ وَمَا يَفْتَرُونَ ﴿١١٢﴾
If thy Lord had so planned, they would not have done it:
so leave them and their inventions alone.
وَيَوْمَ
يِحْشُرُهُمْ
جَمِيعًا يَا
مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ
قَدِ اسْتَكْثَرْتُم
مِّنَ الإِنسِ...
6: 128. One day will He gather them all together, (and say):
"O ye assembly of Jinns! much (toll) did ye take of men."
C949. Jinns are spirits -here evil spirits.
...وَقَالَ أَوْلِيَآؤُهُم مِّنَ الإِنسِ ...
Their friends amongst men will say:
... رَبَّنَا اسْتَمْتَعَ بَعْضُنَا بِبَعْضٍ وَبَلَغْنَا أَجَلَنَا الَّذِيَ أَجَّلْتَ لَنَا ...
"Our Lord! we made profit from each other: but (alas!) we reached our term -- which Thou didst appoint for us."
C950. It is common experience that the forces of evil make an alliance with each other, and seem thus to make a profit by their mutual log-rolling.
But this is only in this material world. When the limited term expires, their unholy bargains will be exposed, and there will be nothing but regrets.
...قَالَ النَّارُ مَثْوَاكُمْ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا إِلاَّ مَا شَاء اللّهُ...
He will say:
"The fire be your dwelling-place you will dwell therein for ever, except as Allah willeth."
C951. Eternity and infinity are abstract terms. They have no precise meaning in our human experience.
The qualification, "except as Allah willeth," makes it more intelligible, as we can form some idea -however inadequate- of a Will and Plan, and we know Allah by His attribute of Mercy as well as of Justice.
...إِنَّ رَبَّكَ حَكِيمٌ عَليمٌ ﴿١٢٨﴾
For thy Lord is full of wisdom and knowledge.
وَكَذَلِكَ
نُوَلِّي بَعْضَ
الظَّالِمِينَ
بَعْضًا بِمَا
كَانُواْ يَكْسِبُونَ
﴿١٢٩﴾
6: 129. Thus do We make the wrongdoers turn to each other, because of what they earn.
C952. See n. 950 above.
Evil consorts with evil because of their mutual bargains. But in doing so they save the righteous from further temptation.
Other Versions:
6: 112
Asad And thus it is that against every prophet We have set up as enemies the evil forces from among humans as well as from among invisible beings that whisper unto one another glittering half-truths meant to delude the mind. But they could not do this unless your Sustainer had so willed; stand, therefore, aloof from them and from all their false imagery!
Pickthall Thus have We appointed unto every Prophet an adversary--devils of humankind and jinn who inspire in one another plausible discourse through guile. If thy Lord willed, they would not do so; so leave them alone with their devising;
Transliteration Wa kaza_lika ja'alna_ likulli nabiyyin 'aduwwan syaya_tinal insi wal jinni yu_hi ba'duhum ila_ ba'din zukhrufal qauli illa_ guru_ru_(n), wa lau sya_'a rabbuka ma_ fa'alu_hu fa zarhum wa ma_ yaftaru_n(a).
[[ Ali’s note - 941 What happened in the history of the Holy Prophet happens in the history of all righteous men who have a Message from God. The spirit of evil is ever active and uses men to practice deception by means of highly embellished words and plausible excuses and objections. God permits these things in His Plans. It is not for us to complain. Our faith is tested, and we must stand the test steadfastly. (6.112) ]]
[[ Asad’s note 98 - Lit., “embellished speech” or “varnished falsehood” (lane III, 1223) “by way of delusion” – i.e., half-truths which entice man by their deceptive attractiveness and cause him to overlook all real spiritual values (see also 25:30-31)……..The term “shayatin” (lit., “satans”), on the other hand, is often used in the Quran in the sense of evil forces inherent in man as well as in the spiritual world (cf. 2:14, and the corresponding note). According to several well-authenticated Traditions, quoted by Tabari, the Prophet was asked, “Are there satans from men?” – and he replied, “Yes, and hteye are more evil than the satans from among the invisible beings (al-jinn).” Thus, the meaning of the above verse is t hat every prophet has had to contend against the spiritual – and often physical – enmity of the evil ones who, for whatever reason, refuse to listen to the voice of truth and try to lead others astray.]]
6: 128
Asad And on that day when He shall gather them [all] together, [He will say:] “O you who have lived in close communion with [evil] invisible beings! A great many [other] human beings have you ensnared [note 112]! And those of the humans who were close to them [note 113] will say: “O our Sustainer! We did enjoy one another’s fellowship [in life]; but [now that] we have reached the end of our term – the term which You have laid down for us – [we see the error of our ways]!” [But] He will say: “The fire shall be your abode, there to abide – unless God wills it otherwise.” [note 114]. Verily, your Sustainer is wise, all-knowing.
Pickthall In the day when He will gather them together (He will say): O ye assembly of the jinn! Many of humankind did ye seduce. And their adherents among humankind will say: Our Lord! We enjoyed one another, but now we have arrived at the appointed term which Thou appointedst for us. He will say: Fire is your home. Abide therein for ever, save him whom Allah wills (to deliver). Lo! thy Lord is Wise, Aware.
Transliteration Wa yauma yahsyuruhum jami'a_(n), ya_ ma'syaral jinni qadistaksartum minal ins(i), wa qa_la auliya_'uhum minal insi rabban_stamta'a ba'duna_ bi ba'diw wa balagna_ ajalanal lazi ajjalta lana_, qa_lan na_ru maswa_kum kha_lidina fiha_ illa_ ma_ sya_'alla_h(u), inna rabbaka hakimun 'alim(un).
6: 129
Asad And in this manner do We cause evildoers to seduce one another [note 115] by means of heir [evil] doings.
Pickthall Thus We let some of the wrong-doers have power over others because of what they are wont to earn.
Transliteration Wa kaza_lika nuwalli ba'daz za_limina ba'dam bima_ ka_nu_ yaksibu_n(a).
[[ Ruby’s Note – I would like to agree with the Asad’s following rendition except that God is saying that He would “gather together” and addressing the Jinns and thus giving them the status of individualities or beings and not forces of inclinations or ideas.]]
[[ Asad’s note 112- According to most of the commentators, the invisible beings (al-jinn) referred to here are the “evil forces” (shayatin) among them, such as are spoken of in verse 112 of this surah. it is generally assumed that these very beings or forces are addressed here; but the primary meaning of the term “ma’shar” appealing in this context warrants, in my opinion, a different conclusion. It is true that this term is often used to denote a group or community or genus of sentient beings which have certain characteristics in common: ……….But it is precisely this verbal origin of the term “ma shar” which gives us a clue as to what is really meant here……Thus to my mind, the allocution “ya ma shar al-jinn” does not dente “….the community of [evil] invisible beings” but, rather, “…who are …in close communion with [evil] invisible beings”: in other words, its is addressed to the misguided “human” beings who have been seduced by “glittering half-truths meant to delude the mind” (verse 112)…….
Note 115 – Lit., “to be close to one another”, or “get hold of one another”. The expression “in this manner” (kadhalika), which introduces the above sentence, is an obvious allusion to the manner in which the evil ones “whisper unto one another glittering half-truths meant to delude the mind’ (verse 112 of this surah).]]
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11. Surah Hud, Mecca 52
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
وَلَوْ شَاء
رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ
النَّاسَ أُمَّةً
وَاحِدَةً...
11: 118. If thy Lord had so willed He could have made mankind one People:
C1622. Cf. 10:19.
All mankind might have been one. But in Allah's Plan man was to have a certain measure of free-will, and this made difference inevitable.
This would not have mattered if all had honestly sought Allah. But selfishness and moral wrong came in, and people's disputations became mixed up with hatred, jealousy, and sin, except in the case of those who accepted Allah's grace, which saved them.
The object of their creation was to raise them up spiritually by Allah's grace. But if they will choose the path of evil and fall into sin, Allah's decree must be fulfilled, and His justice will take its course. In the course of that justice Hell will be filled with men and jinns, such is the number of those who go astray.
...وَلاَ يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ ﴿١١٨﴾
but they will not cease to dispute,
إِلاَّ مَن
رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ
وَلِذَلِكَ
خَلَقَهُمْ...
11: 119. Except those on whom He hath bestowed His Mercy: and for this did He create them:
...وَتَمَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لأَمْلأنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ ﴿١١٩﴾
and the Word of thy Lord shall be fulfilled:
"I will fill Hell with jinns and men all together."
If Satan and his evil soldiers tempt men from the path of rectitude, the responsibility of the tempted, who choose the path of evil, is no less than that of the tempters, and they will both be involved in punishment together.
11: 118
Pickthall And if thy Lord had willed, He verily would have made mankind one nation, yet they cease not differing,
Yuksel Had your Lord wished, He could have made all the people one nation, but they still would continue to disagree;
Transliteration Wa lau sya_'a rabbuka laja'alan na_sa ummataw wa_hidataw wa la_ yaza_lu_na mukhtalifin(a),
11: 119
Pickthall Save him on whom thy Lord hath mercy; and for that He did create them. And the Word of thy Lord hath been fulfilled: Verily I shall fill hell with the jinn and mankind together.
Yukawl Except whom your Lord has mercy upon; and for that He has created them. The word of your Lord came true: "I will fill hell with the Jinn and the humans together!"*
Transliteration Illa_ mar rahima rabbuk(a), wa liza_lika khalaqahum, wa tammat kalimatu rabbika la'amla'anna jahannama minal jinnati wan na_si ajma'in(a).
41. Fussilat (Clearly Spelled Out/Expounded)
Mecca Period 61 [54 ayats]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
فَإِن
يَصْبِرُوا
فَالنَّارُ
مَثْوًى
لَّهُمْ...
41:24. If, then, they have patience, the Fire will be a Home for them!
C4491. If they have patience: there is sarcasm in the meaning.
"Let them not be impatient: they will soon find a home in the Fire of Hell! If they ask for grace and forgiveness then, it will be too late."
...وَإِن يَسْتَعْتِبُوا فَمَا هُم مِّنَ الْمُعْتَبِينَ ﴿٢٤﴾
And if they beg to be received into favor, into favor will they not (then) be received.
وَقَيَّضْنَا
لَهُمْ
قُرَنَاء
فَزَيَّنُوا
...
41:25. And We have destined for them intimate companions (of like nature),
C4492. Just as the idea of happiness in heaven is expressed, not only by individual satisfaction, but by congenial society, so the idea of Punishment in hell is deepened by the fact that Evil will be made to meet evil: those who made sin fair-seeming in this life will be there to share in the regrets and mutual recriminations which will make life a burden. In fact, in these Ha-Mim verses, the idea of fit companionship for the Good and uncongenial company for the Evil, runs like a thread throughout.
... لَهُم مَّا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ...
Who made alluring to them what was before them and behind them;
C4493. They painted in glowing colours the pleasures of sin in the past and the pleasure of sin in the future, thus practicing a double deception, which will now be found out.
...وَحَقَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَوْلُ فِي أُمَمٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِم مِّنَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنسِ...
and the sentence among the previous generations of Jinns and men, who have passed away, is proved against them;
C4494. Jinns: see n. 929 to 6:100.
All spirits of wickedness and all men who submitted to them, in the past, were under one common sentence; and future generations who embrace evil will also join them. Cf. 6:128.
...إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا خَاسِرِينَ ﴿٢٥﴾
for they are utterly lost.
C4495. The echo here of verse 23 above completes the argument from another point of view.
Asad’s Version:
41:24 And then, [even] if they endure [their lot] in patience, the fire will still be their abode; 22 and if they pray to be allowed to make amends, they will not be allowed to do so: 23
(41:25) for [when they became oblivious of Us,] We assigned to them [their own evil impulses as their] other selves, 24 and these made appear goodly to them whatever lay open before them and whatever was beyond their ken. 25 And so, the sentence (of doom] will have fallen due upon them together with the [other sinful] communities of invisible beings 24 and humans that passed away before their time: verily, they
[all] will indeed be lost!
[[ Asad’s notes - 22 Sc., "unless God wills to reprieve them": see the last paragraph of 6:128 and the corresponding note 1 1 4 ; also the hadith quoted in note 1 on 40 : 1 2 .
23 Lit., "they will not be of those who are allowed to make amends": an allusion to the request of the doomed, on the Day of Judgment, to be granted a "second chance" on earth, and to God's refusal of this request (cf. 6:27-28 and 32:12).
24 Or: "soul-mates" (cf. 4:38). The verb qarana, from which the noun qarm is derived, signifies "he linked" or "intimately associated" or "yoked together [one thing with another]". Cf. 43:36 - "as for anyone who chooses to remain blind to the remembrance of the Most Gracious, to him We assign an [enduring] evil impulse [lit., "a satan"], to become his other self".
25 Lit,, "that which was between their hands and that which was behind them" : i.e., their own
26 For this rendering - and the meaning - of the term jinn, see Appendix III evil impulses (which had become their "other selves", as it were) made alluring to them the unrestrained enjoyment, without any moral discrimination, of all the worldly attractions which lay open before them, causing them, at the same time, to dismiss as an illusion the idea of resurrection and of God's judgment - thus giving them a false sense of security with regard to something that was beyond their ken.]]
Yuksel’s Version:
41:24 If they wait, then the fire will be their destiny, and if they beg to be excused, they will not be excused.
41:25 We assigned to them companions who adorned their present and past actions. Thus, the retribution has been deserved by them the same as previous nations of Jinn and humans; all of them were losers.