5. Surah Al-Ma'idah
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
يَا
أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ
آمَنُواْ أَوْفُواْ
بِالْعُقُودِ
...
5: 1. O ye who believe!
fulfil (all) obligations.
C682. This line has been justly admired for its terseness and comprehensiveness.
Obligations: 'uqud the Arabic word implies so many things that a whole chapter of Commentary can be written on it.
First, there are the divine obligations that arise from our spiritual nature and our relation to Allah.
- He created us and implanted in us the faculty of knowledge and foresight: besides the intuition and reason which He gave us.
He made Nature responsive to our needs, and His Signs in Nature are so many lessons to us in our own inner life;
- He further sent Messengers and Teachers, for the guidance of our conduct in individual, social, and public life.
All these gifts create corresponding obligations which we must fulfil.
But in our own human and material life we undertake mutual obligations express and implied.
- We make a promise:
- we enter into a commercial or social contract;
- we enter into a contract of marriage:
- we must faithfully fulfil all obligations in all these relationships.
Our group or our State enters into a treaty; every individual in that group or State is bound to see that as far as lies in his power, such obligations are faithfully discharged.
There are tacit obligations;
- living in civil society, we must respect its tacit conventions unless they are morally wrong, and in that case we must get out of such society.
- There are tacit obligations in the characters of host and guest, wayfarer of companion, employer or employed, etc., which every man of Faith must discharge conscientiously.
The man who deserts those who need him and goes to pray in a desert is a coward who disregards his obligations.
All these obligations are inter-connected. Truth and fidelity are parts of religion in all relations of life.
This verse is numbered separately from the succeeding verses. (R).
... أُحِلَّتْ لَكُم بَهِيمَةُ الأَنْعَامِ إِلاَّ مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ...
Lawful unto you (for food) are all four-footed animals, with the exceptions named:
C683. That is, the exceptions named not only in the Quran but in the Sunnah as well.
See 5:3 below. (R).
... غَيْرَ مُحِلِّي الصَّيْدِ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ...
but animals of the chase are forbidden while ye are in the Sacred Precincts or in pilgrim garb:
C684. Cf. 5:94-96.
Hunting and the use of game are forbidden "while ye are hurumun," i.e., while ye are;
- in the Sacred Precincts, or
- in the special pilgrim garb (ihram), as to which see n. 212, 2:196.
In most cases the two amount to the same thing. The Sacred Precincts are sanctuary both for man and beast.
... إِنَّ اللّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ ﴿١﴾
for Allah doth command according to His Will and Plan.
C685. Allah's commands are not arbitrary. His Will is the perfect Archetype or Plan of the world.
Everything He wills has regard to His Plan, in which are reflected His perfect wisdom and goodness.
Asad’s Version:
5:1 O you who have attained to faith! Be true to your covenants!
[Note 1: The term ‘aqd’ (covenant) denotes a solemn undertaking or engagement involving more than one party. According to Raghib, the covenant referred to in this verse ‘are of three kinds:
the covenants between God and man,
between man and his soul,
and between the individual and his fellow-men”
– thus embracing the entire area of man’s moral and social responsibilities.]