4. Sura an-Nisa (women), Medina 92 [Hijra 4]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
حُرِّمَتْ
عَلَيْكُمْ
...
4: 23. Prohibited to you (for marriage) are:
... أُمَّهَاتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُمْ...
your mother, daughters, sisters,
... وَعَمَّاتُكُمْ وَخَالاَتُكُمْ وَبَنَاتُ الأَخِ وَبَنَاتُ الأُخْتِ ...
father's sisters, mother's sisters; brother's daughters, sister's daughters,
... وَأُمَّهَاتُكُمُ اللاَّتِي أَرْضَعْنَكُمْ وَأَخَوَاتُكُم مِّنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ...
foster-mothers (who gave you suck), foster-sisters;
... وَأُمَّهَاتُ نِسَآئِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللاَّتِي فِي حُجُورِكُم مِّن نِّسَآئِكُمُ اللاَّتِي دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ ...
your wives' mothers; your step-daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom ye have gone in,
... فَإِن لَّمْ تَكُونُواْ دَخَلْتُم بِهِنَّ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ...
no prohibition if ye have not gone in; (those who have been)
... وَحَلاَئِلُ أَبْنَائِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلاَبِكُمْ ...
wives of your sons proceeding from your loins;
... وَأَن تَجْمَعُواْ بَيْنَ الأُخْتَيْنِ إَلاَّ مَا قَدْ سَلَفَ...
and two sisters in wedlock at one and the same time, except for what is past;
... إِنَّ اللّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا ﴿٢٣﴾
for God is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Transliteration Hurrimat 'alaikum ummaha_tukum wa bana_tukum wa akhawa_tukum wa 'amma_tukum wa kha_la_tukum wa bana_tul akhi wa bana_tul ukhti wa ummaha_tukumul la_ti ard'nakum wa akhawa_tukum minar rada_'ati wa ummaha_tu nisa_'ikum wa raba_'ibukumul la_ti fi huju_rikum minnisa_'ikumul la_ti dakhaltum bihinn(a), fa illam taku_nu_ dakhaltum bihinna fala_juna_ha 'alaikum, wa hala_'ilu abna_'ikumul lazina min asla_bikum, wa an tajma'u_ bainal ukhtaini illa_ ma_ qad salaf(a), innalla_ha ka_na gafu_rar rahim(a_).
4: 23
Pickthall Forbidden unto you are your mothers, and your daughters, and your sisters, and your father's sisters, and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, and your foster mothers, and your foster sisters, and your mothers-in-law, and your stepdaughters who are under your protection (born) of your women unto whom ye have gone in but if ye have not gone in unto them, then it is no sin for you (to marry their daughters) and the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins. And (it is forbidden unto you) that ye should have two sisters together, except what hath already happened (of that nature) in the past. Lo! Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
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Ali’s comments:
C531. This Table of Prohibited Degrees agrees in the main with what is usually accepted among all nations, except in minor details. It begins in the last verse (with father's widows or divorcees).
The scheme is drawn up on the assumption that the person who proposes to marry is a man: if it is a woman, the same scheme will apply, mutatis mutandis: it will read: "your fathers, sons, brothers," etc.; or
you can always read it from the husband's view of relationship, as there must always be a husband in a marriage.
C532.
"Mother" includes grandmother (through the father or mother), great grandmother, etc.;
"daughter" includes grand-daughter (through son or daughter), great grand daughter, etc.;
"sister," includes full-sister and half-sister.
"Father's sister" includes grandfather's sister, etc., and
"mother's sister" includes grandmother's sister, etc.
C533. "Fosterage" or milk-relationships play an important part in Muslim Law, and count like blood-relationships:
it would therefore seem that not only foster-mothers and foster-sisters, but foster-mother's sister, etc., all come within the prohibited degrees.
C534. It is generally held that "under your guardianship" is a description, not a condition. (R).
C535. "Sons" includes grandsons, but excludes adopted sons, or persons treated as such of the words "proceeding from your loins."
C536. The bar against two sisters in marriage together applies to aunt and niece together, but not to deceased wife's sister after the wife dies.
4. Sura an-Nisa (women), Medina 92 [Hijra 4]
The Quranic Text & Ali’s Version:
وَمَن
يُهَاجِرْ فِي
سَبِيلِ اللّهِ
يَجِدْ فِي
الأَرْضِ مُرَاغَمًا
كَثِيرًا وَسَعَةً...
4: 100. He who forsakes his home in the Cause of Allah, finds in the earth many a refuge, wide and spacious:
... وَمَن يَخْرُجْ مِن بَيْتِهِ مُهَاجِرًا إِلَى اللّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدْرِكْهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقَدْ وَقَعَ أَجْرُهُ عَلى اللّهِ...
should he die as a refugee from home for Allah and His Messenger, his reward becomes due and sure with Allah:
... وَكَانَ اللّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا ﴿١٠٠﴾
and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
وَمَن
يَعْمَلْ سُوءًا
أَوْ يَظْلِمْ
نَفْسَهُ ثُمَّ
يَسْتَغْفِرِ
اللّهَ يَجِدِ
اللّهَ غَفُورًا
رَّحِيمًا
﴿١١٠﴾
4: 110. If anyone does evil or wrongs his own soul, but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness, he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
وَالَّذِينَ
آمَنُواْ بِاللّهِ
وَرُسُلِهِ
وَلَمْ يُفَرِّقُواْ
بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ
مِّنْهُمْ
أُوْلَـئِكَ
سَوْفَ يُؤْتِيهِمْ
أُجُورَهُمْ...
4: 152. To those who believe in Allah and His Messengers and make no distinction between any of the Messengers, We shall soon give their (due) rewards:
... وَكَانَ اللّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا ﴿١٥٢﴾
for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
Other Versions:
4: 43
Asad O you who have attained to faith! Do not attempt to pray while you are in a state of drunkenness [note 54], [but wait] until you know what you are saying; not yet [while you are ] in a state requiring total ablution [note 55], until you have bathed – except if you are traveling [and are unable to do so]…………
Pickthall O ye who believe! Draw not near unto prayer when ye are drunken, till ye know that which ye utter, nor when ye are polluted, save when journeying upon the road, till ye have bathed. And if ye be ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from the closet, or ye have touched women, and ye find not water, than go to high clean soil and rub your faces and your hands (therewith). Lo! Allah is Benign, Forgiving.
Transliteration Ya_ ayyuhal lazina a_manu_ la_ takrabus sala_ta wa antum suka_ra_ hatta_ ta'lamu_ ma_ taqu_lu_na wa la_ junuban illa_'a_biri sabilin hatta_ tagtasilu_, wa in kuntum marda_ au 'ala_ safarin au ja_'a ahadum minkum minal ga_'iti au la_mastumun nisa_'a falam tajidu_ ma_'an fa tayammamu_ sa'idan tayyiban famsahu_ bi wuju_hikum wa aidikum, innalla_ha ka_na'afuwwan gafu_ra_(n).
4: 95
Asad Such of the believers as remain passive [note 121 – other than the disabled – cannot be deemed equal to those who strive hard in God’s cause with their possessions and their lives [note 122]: God has exalted those who strive hard with their possessions and their lives far above those who remain passive. ………….mighty reward-
Pickthall Those of the believers who sit still, other than those who have a (disabling) hurt, are not on an equality with those who strive in the way of Allah with their wealth and lives. Allah hath conferred on those who strive with their wealth and lives a rank above the sedentary. Unto each Allah hath promised good, but He hath bestowed on those who strive a great reward above the sedentary;
Transliteration La_yastawil qa_'idu_na minal mu'minina gairu ulid darari wal muja_hidu_na fi sabililla_hi bi amwa_lihim wa anfusihim, faddalalla_hul muja_hidina bi amwa_lihim wa anfusihim 'alal qa_'idina darajah(tan), wa kullaw wa'adalla_hul husna_, wa faddalalla_hul muja_hidina'alal qa_'idina ajran'azima_(n).
4: 96
Asad [many] degrees thereof – and forgiveness of sins, and His grace; for God is indeed much-forgiving, a dispenser of grace.
Pickthall Daraja_tim minhu wa magfirataw wa rahmah(tan), wa ka_nalla_hu gafu_rar rahima_(n).
[[ Asad’s note 122 – The term ‘mujahid’ is derived from the verb ‘jahada’, which means ‘he struggled’ or ‘strove hard’ or ‘exerted himself’, namely, in a good cause and against evil………….thus, for instance, the Prophet described man’s struggle against his own passions and weaknesses (jihad an-nafs) as the “greatest jihad” Bayhaqi, on the authority of Jabir ibn Abd Allah).]]
[[ Ali’s note - 614 Allah's goodness is promised to all people of Faith. But there are degrees among men and women of Faith. There are people with natural inertia: they do the minimum that is required of them, but no more. There are people who are weak in will: they are easily frightened. There are people who are so strong in will and so firm in faith that they are determined to conquer every obstacle, whether in their own physical or other infirmities or in the external world around them. In a time of jihad, when people give their all, and even their lives, for the common cause, they must be accounted more glorious than those who sit at home, even though they have good will to the cause and carry out minor duties in aid. The special reward of such self-sacrifice is special forgiveness and mercy, as proceeding from the direct approbation and love of Allah. (4.95) ]]
4: 100
Asad And he who forsake the domain of evil for the sake of God shall find on earth many a lonely road [note 126], as well as life abundant. And if anyone leaves his home, fleeting evil unto God and His Apostle, and then death overtakes him – his reward is ready with God: for God is indeed much-forgiving, a dispenser of grace.
Pickthall Whoso migrate for the cause of Allah will find much refuge and abundance in the earth, and whoso forsake his home, a fugitive unto Allah and His messenger, and death overtaketh him, his reward is then incumbent on Allah. Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.
Transliteration Wa may yuha_jir fi sabililla_hi yajid fil ardi mura_gaman kasiraw wa sa'ah(tan), wa may yakhruj mim baitihi muha_jiran ilalla_hi wa rasu_lihi summa yudrik-hul mautu faqad waqa'a ajruhu_ 'alalla_h(i), wa ka_nalla_hu gafu_rar rahima_(n).
[[ Asad’s note 126 – The word ‘muragham’ is derived from the noun ‘ragham’ (“dust”) and is connected with the idiomatic expression ‘raghima anfuhu’, “his nose was made to cleave to dust”, i.e., his became humbled and forced to do something against his will………………]]
4: 110
Pickthall Yet whoso doeth evil or wrongeth his own soul, then seeketh pardon of Allah, will find Allah Forgiving, Merciful.
Transliteration Wa may ya'mal su_'an au yazlim nafsahu_ summa yastagfirilla_ha yajidilla_ha gafu_rar rahima_(n).
[[ Ali’s note - 624 Kasaba = to earn, to gain, to work for something valuable, to lay up a provision for the future life. We do a day's labor to earn our livelihood: so in a spiritual sense, whatever good or evil we do in this life, earns us good or evil in the life to come. In verses 110-112 three cases are considered: (1) if we do ill and repent, Allah will forgive; (2) if we do ill and do not repent: thinking that we can hide it, we are wrong; nothing is hidden from Allah, and we shall suffer the full consequences in the life to come, for we can never evade our personal responsibility: (3) if we do ill, great or small, and impute it to another, our original responsibility for the ill remains, but we add to it something else; for we tie round our necks the guilt of falsehood, which converts even our minor fault into a great sin, and in any case brands us even in this life with shame and ignominy. (4.111) ]]
4: 152
Pickthall But those who believe in Allah and His messengers and make no distinction between any of them, unto them Allah will give their wages; and Allah was ever Forgiving, Merciful.
Transliteration Wallazina a_manu_ billa_hi wa rusulihi wa lam yufarriqu_ baina ahadim minhum ula_'ika saufa yu'tihim uja_rahum, waka_nalla_hu gafu_rarrahima_(n).
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